Gender-role in Advertisement Essay

This paper explores gender-role in modern advertisement. Sample modern-day advertisements will be analyzed in relation to gender-roles. Gender-role refers to a person’s way of actions and thinking that is identified as either related to male or female characteristics (Haig, 2004). It is a set of expectations on how females or males should think, behave, and feel. It is in the adolescence stage that male and females start to define their roles while their gender is intensified by conformity to transitional gender-roles in during puberty (Hill & Lynch, 1983), which indirectly signals that they begin to act in ways that resemble the stereotypic female or male of their culture (Huston & Alvarez, 1990). In addition to the demands of work and changing trends in the society and the increased number of employed mothers in the mid twentieth century, adolescents exposure to the media is considered to have a possible impact on their attitudes and perceptions about gender relationships, identity formation, and gender-roles (O’Donnell & O’Donnell, 1978; Durkin, 1986; Lovdal, 1989; Richards & Duckett, 1994; Dietz, 1998; Hovland et al. , 2005). The effects of advertisements to the perpetuation of gender-role stereotypes have received considerable importance in research and it has been debated whether it stereotyped advertisements have long term or short term impact on people’ own gender-role and whether advertisements with stereotypic portrayals gain more profit or does not have significant influence in people’s buying behavior at all. Effects of media in gender-role There are many factors that that affect gender-role development and the media is considered to be one (Golombok & Fivush, 1994; Durkin, 1995). Dietz (1998) asserted that the media, in addition to environmental or social factors, affects people’s perception of gender-roles. The impact of advertising on audiences is often explained by social learning theory or by theories that are based on it. The argument is that, as people are repeatedly exposed to advertising images, they tend to internalize the advertisers’ views of themselves and others. The more ubiquitous the images are in advertisements, and the more frequently they see the advertisements, the deeper the audience identifies with the images. In addition to social learning theory (Bandura, 1977), framing research or frame analysis, introduced Goffman (1974), was used to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effects of media portrayals in people’s thoughts and consciousness. Framing assumes that the media frame reality is used to explain how people perceive and think about gender-roles because of the things they see and experience. Framing is used as a remedy sort in selecting a particular aspect of a perceived reality in order to emphasize, convey, or interpret something. However, framing may directly or indirectly influence people’s judgments on recognizing ideas presented in advertisements (Entman, 1993). Another issue on the effects of media is identified by Mead (1962) in his theory, arguing that individuals’ characterizations in the media affect children’s attitudes, relationships with other people, and behavior expectations. When traditional feminine or masculine roles become distinctive and children starts to identify with a particular gender-role, they are likely to expect specific characteristics and behaviors from females and males. Gender-role stereotyping negatively affects young individuals’ attitudes towards males and females since traditional portrayals of women are usually portrayed as dependent, obtaining approval from family and males, weak, victims, supportive of men’s roles, sex objects, and adornment rather than individuals (Hall, Iijima & Crum 1994; Artz, Munger, & Purdy, 1999). As a result, these negative or substandard characteristics of women adversely affect children’s perception that women may ever find it difficult to attain gender equality and function as effective as men do in the society. This female portrayal restricts young females to think of achieving beyond their potential because many attributes, activities and traits are being designated as inappropriate for their gender (Dietz, 1998). Traditional stereotyped gender-role portrayals in advertisements Most advertisements portrayed both males and females stereotypically. Since 1950s, significant changes in gender-roles have occurred as the division of labor has become less distinctive and the entry of increased number of women into the workforce where professional positions, which were used to be exclusively for men, have opened opportunity for them to progress. Images of men and women in advertising in the early times have been heavily stereotyped. Men were depicted as independent, active, assertive, work-oriented while women were portrayed as dependent, passive, and domestic. Advertisements in the 1970s to 1980s continued to portray gender-stereotyping due to the difficulty of presenting people without specific gender-roles, especially when advertising specific products of particular gender. The strategies of advertisers in attracting people’s intentions and behaviors were more likely to favor gender-stereotyped representation since the public was more familiar and comfortable with gender-stereotyped advertisements (Morrison & Shaffer, 2003). Gender portrayals in the context of advertisements were found to be predominantly stereotypic with dominant males and nurturing females in the mass media, music, film, as well as the print media. Although changes in the society and culture have been apparent, advertisements still rely upon women’s roles as subordinate. Women’s subordination was a useful tool in selling a wide variety of products such as alcohol, medicine, cigarettes, perfume, and vehicles. Constant exposure to derogatory portrayals of females in advertisements may result to socially induced depression and lowered levels of aspirations in achieving ones goals. Women portrayal as subordinates has been consistently practiced and presented in advertising until today although some changes and reversions have been observed (Mclaughlin & Goulet, 1999). Advertisements usually portray men as being strong who are expected to have jobs that require much physical strength. They are portrayed as being the authority, dominant, having higher intelligence, becoming public figures, belonging to upper-middle class, being able to take medicine, law or business courses, aggressive, and sometimes gentlemen or bad guys. At home, men are portrayed to use car wax, auto parts, carpentry tools, motor oil, and lawn mowers. Women are rarely depicted as professionals in advertisements (Dietz, 1998). When women in advertisements are presented as professionals or experts in the products they advertise, they are often backed up by male figure or an authoritative male voice-over to strengthen the efficiency of convincing the audience since males were viewed as the authority (Lovdal, 1989). In traditional male magazines (e. g. , Esquire and Field & Stream), gender-role stereotyped advertisements that portrayed men with masculine or manly activities have not decreased as much as the traditional female and general interest magazines. Although there have been some trends toward less stereotypic portrayals of masculine images in some print media advertisements, the traditional stereotype of the male gender still provides cultural representation (Furnham & Thomson, 1999) Women are stereotypicly depicted in relation to beauty, physical attraction, family, domestic responsibilities, parenting, occupations such as teacher, waitress, masseur, bride, actress, secretary, vendor, household cleaners, maid, model, guest relations officer, and the like, as well as negative representation like evil, witch, possessions of men, passive, deferent, object for men’s pleasure. At home, women are portrayed to take care of every member, do all the chores, and maintaining relationships. They are often portrayed as supportive wives, mothers, sex objects, dependents, lack exploration, skills, knowledge, credibility, self-expression, and sense of mastery. Advertisers market products in magazines, like in television, using young, professional women as a product of beauty techniques and methods in order to attract and keep handsome, lucrative, and sophisticated men. Comic strips and children’s books also continued to adopt and support traditional portrayals of women in the society. For instance, illustrations show traditional female activities or a situation in which there is a dutiful wife in the bathroom or kitchen wearing an apron to model cleaning products, kitchen wares and appliances or food (Dietz, 1998; Peirce, 2001).

Management Decision Making

A Good Decision Making is the advantage of linking with Xiu. com for eBay. They link with each other because they have a common business idea and goal. However, a good decision making is very important to achieve the business goal. Decision-making are important skills for business. Problem-solving and decision-making are linked. They also require creativity in identifying and developing options. SWOT analysis and PEST analysis are very useful to help decision-making and problem-solving.SWOT analysis can help to assess the strength and weakness of the companies, and opportunities and threats of external factors. PEST analysis can help to assess the potential and suitability of market. Good decision-making requires some skills. For example, creative development and identification of options, clarity of judgement,firmness of decision, and effective implementation. Moreover, Partnership companies need to have consensus in decison-making, workshops can help and include those tools and pro cess. Problem Solving and Decision Making) There are six steps for companies to make deicison. First, define the problems. Second, combine all the facts and understand the reasons. Third, think about some possible solutions. Fourth, consider and compare the advantages and disadvangatages of the possible solutions. Fifth, select the best solution. Sixth, explain your decision to employee sand follow up to make sure the effective implementation. When the partnership companies make the decisions, Xiu. om and eBay can share the risks,costs and the loss(or profit). Also, they can have more sources of capital to put into the busines and make a better decision to have more potential for growth. They can less their problems in financial investment. They can support each other,make a good decison and solve the problems in business together for the betterment of the company. eBay and Xiu. com the partners have different skills because eBay provides service to US people and Xiu. com provide se rvice to mainland people. When hey work together, their skills and talents compliment each others can make a good business team because they have more information and knowledges to make a good decision. Partnership companies always have delay when they make decision because they need to consider the partners and need to have their partners' agreement. Also, the most obvious disadvantages of partnership is the danger of disagreements between the partners. The companies will have different ideas when they make the decisons about how business should run.Disagreements and disputes can harm the business and the relationship of partners. There are many families and friends go into business together and they all ends badly because they have many agruements when they make decisions. (Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnership) The companies need a big amount of capital when they make the decision. However, one of the partners can take all the capital in company. It has a lot of risks to ha ve partnership with others. Recommendation: There has a lot of competitors in e-commerce service provider.For example, Tmall. com is a big competitor to eBay. com and Xiu. com when they link up because Tmall. com is the mainland's largest business in e-commerence service provider. To solve this problem, eBay and Xiu. com can make a good decison. eBay can connect the online shoppers in mainland to some trusted sellers in the United States and Xiu. com can handle the sales, logistics and customer services to mainland customers. This decision can help them gain more customers around the world, have a larger profit in thir business and fight against the competitiors.To avoid the disagreements and disputes problems, the companies should draft a decision plan during the formation to make sure everyone know the procedures and the information of the decisions. They should have a good communication to help them not to delay and make mistakes when they make decisions. To avoid working with di shonest partners, they should choose a trustworthy partner,plan well and keep a good relationship with your partners. It can help each other to catch up the business and develope the trust. Also, it can help them to have better communication and it can have less agruements when they make the decisions. Management Decision Making A Good Decision Making is the advantage of linking with Xiu. com for eBay. They link with each other because they have a common business idea and goal. However, a good decision making is very important to achieve the business goal. Decision-making are important skills for business. Problem-solving and decision-making are linked. They also require creativity in identifying and developing options. SWOT analysis and PEST analysis are very useful to help decision-making and problem-solving.SWOT analysis can help to assess the strength and weakness of the companies, and opportunities and threats of external factors. PEST analysis can help to assess the potential and suitability of market. Good decision-making requires some skills. For example, creative development and identification of options, clarity of judgement,firmness of decision, and effective implementation. Moreover, Partnership companies need to have consensus in decison-making, workshops can help and include those tools and pro cess. Problem Solving and Decision Making) There are six steps for companies to make deicison. First, define the problems. Second, combine all the facts and understand the reasons. Third, think about some possible solutions. Fourth, consider and compare the advantages and disadvangatages of the possible solutions. Fifth, select the best solution. Sixth, explain your decision to employee sand follow up to make sure the effective implementation. When the partnership companies make the decisions, Xiu. om and eBay can share the risks,costs and the loss(or profit). Also, they can have more sources of capital to put into the busines and make a better decision to have more potential for growth. They can less their problems in financial investment. They can support each other,make a good decison and solve the problems in business together for the betterment of the company. eBay and Xiu. com the partners have different skills because eBay provides service to US people and Xiu. com provide se rvice to mainland people. When hey work together, their skills and talents compliment each others can make a good business team because they have more information and knowledges to make a good decision. Partnership companies always have delay when they make decision because they need to consider the partners and need to have their partners' agreement. Also, the most obvious disadvantages of partnership is the danger of disagreements between the partners. The companies will have different ideas when they make the decisons about how business should run.Disagreements and disputes can harm the business and the relationship of partners. There are many families and friends go into business together and they all ends badly because they have many agruements when they make decisions. (Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnership) The companies need a big amount of capital when they make the decision. However, one of the partners can take all the capital in company. It has a lot of risks to ha ve partnership with others. Recommendation: There has a lot of competitors in e-commerce service provider.For example, Tmall. com is a big competitor to eBay. com and Xiu. com when they link up because Tmall. com is the mainland's largest business in e-commerence service provider. To solve this problem, eBay and Xiu. com can make a good decison. eBay can connect the online shoppers in mainland to some trusted sellers in the United States and Xiu. com can handle the sales, logistics and customer services to mainland customers. This decision can help them gain more customers around the world, have a larger profit in thir business and fight against the competitiors.To avoid the disagreements and disputes problems, the companies should draft a decision plan during the formation to make sure everyone know the procedures and the information of the decisions. They should have a good communication to help them not to delay and make mistakes when they make decisions. To avoid working with di shonest partners, they should choose a trustworthy partner,plan well and keep a good relationship with your partners. It can help each other to catch up the business and develope the trust. Also, it can help them to have better communication and it can have less agruements when they make the decisions.

Francis Bacon and Brett Whiteley

Brett Whiteley and Francis Bacon Essay Question: Discuss the way Whiteley’s work; ‘Self Portrait in the Studio’ 1976, and Bacon’s ‘Figure in Movement, 1976’ show two very different approaches to practice. How have these artists used gesture, colour, and form differently in these works to explore totally different emotional and psychological territory? Francis Bacon and Brett Whiteley show two very different approaches to their practice. They use gesture, colour and form differently in these works to explore different emotional and psychological territory.The making of an artistic practice is based on the artist’s view of the things affecting and contributing to his society and perspective on the world. Differing styles in this depend on the artist and their intent in making their artwork which is evident in the two contrasting works of Whiteley’s ‘Self portrait in the studio’ 1976 and Bacon’s ‘Figure in m ovement, 1976’. They portray their views through a range of techniques. Artistic practice is the way in which an artist goes about their work. It refers to the conceptual and making processes of an artwork.An artist will find a suitable subject matter, develop skills and use visual codes and symbols to portray their ideas and concepts to hopefully trigger a certain audience response. An artist would want to be reflective of the society and world of that time to have the audience be able to connect with ideas and concepts they want to convey. How they make it and why they make it is a testimony to their different media, styles and techniques and also their use of the visual qualities and relationships as well as the influence of their global and personal world and other artists and their movements.Francis Bacon says that he is ‘deforming and reforming reality in his paintings’ this is evident in his work ‘Figure in movement, 1976’. Distorted features of the human form are typical with Bacons figurative style. Bacon stated that his aim was to ‘not make illustration of reality but to create images which are concentration of reality’. Subject matter is not something that Francis Bacon said he traditionally looks for but he was inspired by people like Muybridge and his photography of deformities and animal locomotion.In his studio he has collection of his works spread out on a table, ‘these things spread around the table are perhaps what more conventional artists would call subject matter’. He is also inspired by medical books of x-rays and diseases of the mouth which he interprets as beautiful and interesting. He finds dead carcasses of cattle in the butcher as one of the most vibrant colour palettes and interesting forms. In the background of the work there is a pig carcass which is evidence of his interpretation of beauty .He uses a mash of dark grey colours for the forms and a bright orange base with a black background ambiguously. In the work ‘Figure in movement, 1976’ Bacon based the conceptual idea from a book which had a line ‘The reek of human blood smiles out at me. ’ This provoked a strong sense of imagery which transformed in to his art and in particular this work of two distorted forms wrestling. He successfully depicts violence in to the work which has been fuelled from that line and the audience successfully receives it.Francis Bacon is seen as an artist who creates his work very unconventionally. He uses the unprimed side of a canvas as he became accustomed to it after losing all his money and using the other side of old paintings because he couldn’t afford new canvases. He does not do sketches before taking on a painting and feels whichever way his brush takes him is the way that he wants to go. He says that ‘I have an overall image that I want to do but it’s in the working that it develops’, and ‘I believe in a deeply ordered chaos of work. Bacon never attended an art school because he thinks ‘I would have been taught all those old techniques that I just don’t want to know, I wanted to find my own techniques. You can’t any longer make illustration because it’s done so much better by the camera and the cinema. ’ He has a habit of manically working paint into a canvas not only with a paint brush but with cloths and dishwashing instruments which adds to the frenzy of his work.Francis Bacon doesn’t put much emphasis on the meaning of his work but on the mood and feeling it creates, ’I do believe that today modern man wants a sensation really without the boredom of its conveyance, a cut down of conveyance as far as possible so you just give over to sensation’, though interestingly he says ‘I never feel anything when I do paintings there’s nothing to feel. ’ Many come away with the feeling of horror from a Bacon work b ut that’s not the intention ‘what horror could I make that could compete with what goes on every single day. Brett Whiteley’s painting ‘Self portrait in the studio’ won the Archibald prize in 1976. It was one of several Archibald prizes that he one in the ‘70’s. Whiteley was known for the topics of nudes, portraits, landscapes, still lifes of the female form, birds, and abstracts which all feature heavily in his self portrait of not only him but things that are dear to him and reflect his life and work as represented in the form of his studio. In this work Whiteley is trying to express that ‘yes, this is a mirror image of myself but I am not just Brett Whiteley, I am also Brett Whiteley who is part of this environment at this time. This painting is a testimony to what he loves and his working space in which he has created his career from and his artistic practice. He expresses this by including important elements of his life. Brett Whiteley strongly uses emotive qualities of colour. The whole painting is held together by the unifying prevailing quality of blue which is his signature colour. He is recognised for this colour because he is always referencing the water especially in this painting of his studio overlooking the harbour in Lavender Bay.This colour is also spread on to the walls and acts as a calming effect on the receiving audience. The colour is rich and bright to contrast with other points of focus in the room. The way he has developed the forms and shapes in the room are meant to convey the idea of man only being as big as any other point of reference. Whiteley reinforces this idea by making all focal points distorted and exaggerated. This is a celebration of his interest in female form and his figurative sculpture works.It is evident in ‘Self Portrait in the Studio’ that Whiteley has worked with slow, spontaneous gestures and worked back in to the canvas with scratches. The drawings of surroundings are minimal and simplistic and have been drawn with free loose lines to convey emotion. Whiteley says that ‘the best times when paintings are done when I’m not in charge of it all, if I keep my ego out of it there is kind of a pure flow of that recommendation and that solution of a kind of neat rightness that goes in as best and as accurately as one can.This approach contributes to the mood, feeling and meaning of the work and the sense of the way being an artist has impacted on his life. The small self portrait in comparison to his big studio also reflects how it dominates his life but is reflected as his most enjoyable escape. The painting also has a dream like feel showing his relationship with his art. Both of these two artists have very differently developed their practices.I think an interesting comparison between them is that Francis Bacon was always referencing death and in his documentary ‘The Art of Francis Bacon’ when talking abo ut how Egyptian art inspired him said ‘I guess they were always trying to defeat death by leaving images but it won’t really make a difference. We will all be dead. ’ And that one of Brett Whiteley’s famous quote is ‘Art is the thrilling spark that beats death, that’s all. ’ I think these two conflicting statements perfectly sum up the contrast they have in ideas and show how they explore emotional and psychological territory differently.

Talent Management in the New Work Environment Essay

Talent Management in the New Work Environment - Essay Example Working at the speed of any opportunity they get is organizational agility. The employees should have the ability to work fast at any opportunity that arises. The four trends include; Complex new work environment that sees changes in the work in an organization. There are three sometimes four-generation interactions in the workplace. The second trend is the management wanting more from its employees. Executives of a company and the Human Resource want 25% more work from the employees. It leads to the third trend that is employees being strained by many new realities in the work environment. There is an increased need for collaboration within employees with 66% of the employees seeing new partnerships (Martin 6). Most of the employees need to interact with over ten people daily to get their work done. The fourth trend is the critical proof point. The only way for this to happen is if there is a convergence between the management team and the talent management team to get positive outcomes. The talent management has to align with management objectives for best results. The four generations of workers include the silent, baby boomers, Generation Xers, and Generation Ys. The silent workers are among the most loyal employees in any organization. The baby boomers kind of workers is the first generation of labor that have agreed that they give their work priority more than their personal life. They do not trust the authorities and large systems environment. Generation Xers have the nature of questioning the authorities at work. They are the slackers in the workplace (AMA 6). They have a good job and personal life balance. Generation Ys came of age during the new millennium and the growth of the internet. They are the most resilient group when it comes to navigating change. One of the new workplace realities is working away from the office. A person only needs their laptop or PC and an internet connection

The Arab Gulf States Domestic Stability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Arab Gulf States Domestic Stability - Essay Example The above quote, while lengthy, is pertinent to the focus of this study. It very accurately explains the degree to which the security and political structure of the Arabian Gulf is changing and draws attention to the potential for further change. The Gulf states, as indicated, are living a volatile period wherein changes tend towards the revolutionary, as opposed to the evolutionary. If anything, this highlights the vulnerabilities to which these states are currently exposed and underscores the imperatives of adopting measures which are designed to minimize the threats emanating from these vulnerabilities or, at least, manage their potential for inducing domestic stability within Gulf states and across the Gulf regime. Instability within the Arabian Gulf has far-reaching consequences. ... Besides oil, the Gulf region also has sizeable reserves (2,509 trillion cubic feet - Tcf) of natural gas, accounting for 41 percent of total proven world gas reserves".4 Ensuring the free and stable flow of the oil from the region to the world at large is the primary goal of the western states. Instability in the region or the collapse of any of the Gulf regimes would detrimentally impact upon the global economy and the consequences would not, under any circumstances, be confined to the region. Instead, western economies would totter on the brink of disaster and governments would flounder. The security of the Gulf, therefore, is of primary concern to Western nations and, indeed, as former U.S. President Jimmy Carter once said, is integral to the national security of Western nations, chief amongst which is the United States.5 For the Gulf states, however, having a healthy relationship without any mistrust among regional states, is the primary objective. Mistrust "Trust means to believe that someone is honest and will not harm you, cheat you etc."6 Unfortunately, however, mistrust was injected into the relationship between the Arab Gulf States members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)7 and Iran, after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The said mistrust significantly increased in the wake of the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s. While the majority of GCC member states stood with Iraq against Iran in that war, it is believed that this stance contributed to the generation of mistrust between both sides until today. The aforementioned, alongside Iran's historic regional ambitions, combined with the improvement in the relationship between the Arabs and the West, especially the United States of America, only compounded the mistrust. The fact that

Economical Analysis of Worldbiotechcom, Inc Essay

Economical Analysis of Worldbiotechcom, Inc - Essay Example The former was driven by the introduction of cars, television, radio and electric power while the latter resulted from the use of Internet and emergence of e-commerce. NASDAQ index spiked then abruptly went into a steep decline after the dot-com bubble burst leading many investors to bankruptcy. There was so much hype in the new technologies as the forecasted prospects were very promising only to be dismayed by modest results and dismal returns. For example, so many people invested in the Internet because they thought that they could easily gain an easy buck given the increasing availability, accessibility and minimal investments it requires. Instead, they were driven to bankruptcy by websites offering free services. (Smith et al 2002 ; Topol 2003) The most pressing problem with regards to the new transport system is not so much in the entry of other players or the saturation of the market but in the inherent risk in using it. While other means of transportation such as automobiles, ships and airplanes have their own death statistics, they offer a relatively higher degree of confidence because these modes can be maneuvered and abandoned to prevent the loss of life and limbs. Even if we insist that the transport mode is safe and use simulation runs as evidence, we can never discount the possibility of an accident. A single accident could send tremors across the whole industry and send it tumbling down because people would be scared of the prospect of being atomized to nothingness and being unable to do something about it. It is expected that exceptional mandatory quality standards will be implemented by the government in light of the risks involved in the use of the technology. The worst case scenario would include the disclosure on the hazard of using the technology which can dissuade potential buyers or users. Controls on employment or production such as exhaustive testing could prove to be very

Acids' Alkalis and PH Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acids' Alkalis and PH - Term Paper Example Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) Cl-(aq) + HOCl(aq) + H+(aq) When a dilute solution of NaOH is added to an aqueous solution of chlorine, the OH- ions will react with the H+ ions (strong acid-base reaction). This will lead to a decrease in the concentration of H+(aq). According to Le Chatelier's principle, the reaction will shift to the side that opposes this change. This means that the reaction will shift to the right. (d) the temperature of an equilibrium mixture of 1 (d) is decreased 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) H = - 149 kJ mol-1 The reaction is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's principle, a decrease in the temperature of the equilibrium mixture causes the reaction to shift to the side that opposes that change. This entails that the reaction will shift to the right. 8 marks 3. Sulphur dioxide and oxygen were allowed to reach equilibrium at 450oC in a vessel of volume 1 dm3. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) The equilibrium mixture was found to contain 2 moles of sulphur trioxide, 0.5 moles of sulphur dioxide and 0.25 moles of oxygen. (a) Write an expression for Kc including units. [SO3 (g)]2 Kc = mol-1 dm3 [SO2(g)]2 [O2(g)] (b) Calculate Kc at 450oC. 22 Kc = = 64 mol-1 dm3 0.52 x 0.25 (c) What effect would adding a catalyst have on the position of equilibrium Adding a catalyst to the above reaction causes the forward and reverse reaction rate constants to be increased by the same amount. This means that equilibrium will be reached more quickly but will...This will lead to a decrease in the concentration of H+(aq). According to Le Chatelier's principle, the reaction will shift to the side that opposes this change. This means that the reaction will shift to the right. The reaction is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's principle, a decrease in the temperature of the equilibrium mixture causes the reaction to shift to the side that opposes that change. This entails that the reaction will shift to the right. Adding a catalyst to the above reaction causes the forward and reverse reaction rate constants to be increased by the same amount. This means that equilibrium will be reached more quickly but will have no effect of the position of equilibrium (Brown, LeMay and Bursten, 1991). Kc is the ratio of the forward and reverse reaction rate constants. As seen above, the catalyst will increase these reaction rates by the same amount. There will hence be no change in the value of Kc (Brown, LeMay and Bursten, 1991). When ammonia is dissolved in water, it accepts H+.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Project Management - Essay Example Summary of the article and exploration of the raised issues The article identifies Mark Bew as the man who is in charge of ensuring that government contractors subscribe and adhere to Business Information Technology. He heads a government agency whose role is to ensure application of BIM and recounts that significant progress has been achieved over the scope of his work and that of his agency. Even though the application promises a higher level of efficiency and reduced costs, it has been a difficult task convincing both government departments and contractors to adapt BIM. In its scope of reducing the cost of government constructions, the application faces both culture and technology based challenges. While technological developments empower institutions to BIM’s application, only about 33 percent of professionals applied BIM by the year 2011. This was an improvement from the recorded 13 percent in the year 2010 and about 75 percent of the professional who were informed of the application promised to use it in the year 2012. The application has also been poorly defined and this could be a factor to its low rate of use besides different opinions and expectations from stakeholders. The different groups of stakeholders report their developed concerns, to Bew, that are then forwarded to the cabinet for consideration. BIM also operates in different levels of shared information. Level 2 BIM reserves proprietary rights while level 3 BIM is more open. Its information disclosure is however similar to the current impacts of the social media and should therefore not pose serious threats. The swift implementation of BIM and its associated jargon has also identified differences among stakeholders. â€Å"Culture and integration† is one of the bases of such differences, as some of the stakeholders believe that implementing the application requires a preliminary cultural transition and development of a level of integration (Construction Manager, 18). The amount o f information to be shared in the model is another concern of the different stakeholders with opinions that the government would require more than necessary data from subscribing parties. Balancing scorecard in application of BIM is another identified concern because of the government’s procurement need that prioritizes the lowest bidder and the need for BIM compliance since the lowest bidder may lack the compliance as opposed to the most costly bidder. Other issues that application of BIM faces include â€Å"finding a wider audience,† â€Å"integrated project insurance,† and â€Å"charter for new consultants† (Construction Manager, 20). Crotty however identifies a competitive advantage and efficiency from contractors’ application of BIM as benefits because of the precision in description of construction components and ease in identification of contractors’ products (Construction Manager, 2012). Development and application of Building Inform ation Modelling has marked a significant transition in the construction industry, from two dimensional drawings that required multiple representation and could still not be interpreted by computers, to a three dimensional models that are can be interpreted by computer systems (Easman, 2009). The new approach applies computer software for managing data (Chartered Institute of building, 2011). The application has diversified advantages such as

TOPIC Option I----- Story Truth and Happening Truth ( Tim Essay

TOPIC Option I----- Story Truth and Happening Truth ( Tim O'Brien----The Things They Carried ) - Essay Example Happening truth would therefore, mean nothing if the story truth is not applied to make the story more believable, readable and even enjoyable. O’Brien explains that there was a big difference between the real truth and the story truth. He talks of seeing a man dying on the trail which was near My Khe, but clarifies that he did not kill the man. Later he says that he made up the whole story. O’Brien says that his main aim was to make the reader feel what he personally felt, thus bringing the argument that; sometimes the story truth tends to be more truer compared to the â€Å"happening truth† which indicates the real happenings in the novel. Part C What makes an individual to believe that these happening truth are accurate is due to the repetition done in the chapter that indicates the accuracy of the incidence. They are the emphasis of the shocking reactions by O’Brien. For instance, the manner in which he describes the eyes of the dead soldier just indic ates the accuracy of the happening truth in the story. He says that, the victim’s one eye was shut and the other had a star shaped hole, where the continuous repetition of the incidence indicates the hard moments that O’Brien was going through in his attempts to visualize the man he had just killed. Another element of happening truth being accurate in this story is where Kiowa is trying to make emphasis to O’Brien that the man he had killed was still meant to die, but he does not give any response (O’Brien). Kiowa in the chapter goes on to make continuous comments on the incidence and that O’Brien should not feel bad that he had killed but he does not give back any comment. This whole incidence displays an accurate true happening and thus, brings the feeling of sympathy to a... O’Brien also displays the story truths, through his major focus being directed on the physical characteristics of the man he had killed other than in the real happening focusing on his feelings rather. This is among the phrases that indicate the elements of a â€Å"story true† where he betrays his efforts to maintain some distance to help in killing the pain. He also narrates his story using a protagonist’s perspective other than using narrator aspect. There is nothing like a narrative commentary on the actions of a protagonist and thus we can only deduce what O’Brien is going through (O’Brien). The ideas and feelings brought about by the story in the novel makes an individual to have the negative perception of a war experience, even though one may be fighting to protect his or her country. Many people depict the idea of joining army as a an opportunity to heroically fight for ones country, but after reading this story, and internalizing what O’Brien felt after killing the Viet soldier, a notion of fear to kill just strikes in an individuals head. This story results to a turn around regarding what people perceive wars to be. By reading this story, a student should learn to be accountable of his or her conduct. If one behaves recklessly now, he should note that, the outcomes will haunt him even after he clears school, like the killing of a soldier haunted O’Brien’s twenty years later. In life also, one should understand that, there are some people who would celebrate on your misfortunes, this is witnessed when Azar is happy that the soldier is dead, but another lesson learnt is that, silence is the best weapon as O’Brien made no comment.

Public policy problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public policy problem - Essay Example Generally speaking, a person is considered obese when that individual has more body fat than is considered healthy for their particular age, height and gender. Though obesity is normally only regarded as a grown-up problem, their kids face even greater risks associated with the condition. While other types of physical conditions may be easier for children to hide under their clothing or to mask in various ways, obesity is impossible to hide under clothing and too often leads to them being teased or otherwise tormented by cruel jokes by their misunderstanding schoolmates. The disapproving stares and negative looks from other adults and children greet them every time they meet another set of eyes. This often unconscious response on the part of other people can contribute to severe emotional damage that often lasts a lifetime. Even when the excess weight is lost, these psychological scars can drastically impact the child’s ability to achieve the level of fulfillment and happiness that should be every child’s right. The physical consequences of obesity are also unacceptably extensive. It is widely acknowledged that obesity can significantly lower life expectancy despite the person’s age. With obesity now accepted as being at pandemic proportions, it is of supreme importance to identify the common causes of obesity as well as the most effective methods of treating it to help children overcome the social and personal drawbacks of being overweight. One of the most disturbing features of obesity is its close association with more than 30 adverse health conditions and countless psychological ramifications. Increasingly, younger persons are starting to experience arthritis of the hips, back, hands and knees as a result of the long-term misuse their bodily systems must endure. The possibility of breast cancer is doubled for people who are obese as compared to people who maintain a somewhat stable weight as an adult or ‘normal’ weight as a child. Other cancers such as esophageal, gastric, endometrial and colorectal cancers are also much more common among the obese, even those at younger ages. It seems pointless to list the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease because of obesities direct correlation with higher levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream which blocks arteries of the heart (â€Å"Health Effects†, 2002). This problem is aggravated in obese persons due to their veins being more constricted. This has the effect of impeding oxygen transmission to bodily tissues and provoking complaints of sleepiness, general fatigue and breathing problems. Predictably, all of these side effects and other associated risks of obesity or just being overweight have a negative impact on a child’s rate of growth and their general ability to develop. â€Å"Even for children, obesity can increase the risk of stroke and hypertension, a statistic supported by the fact that more than 75 percent of people who suffer fro m hypertension are obese†

Importance of communication plan in trail transport Essay

Importance of communication plan in trail transport - Essay Example Despite the existence of various transport methods that are fully researched on, the trail system has been neglected and even not cared for because of the social perception (Ministry of Health Promotion). The involvement of organizations such as Rail-to-Trails and other organizations has helped change the perception of the society. Through highlighting of the benefits of the trails the organizations have helped shape the use of trail transport in the country (Rails-to-Trails Conservancy Organization). Rails-to-trails offer several support activities for the use of trails in transport. The organization advocates and influence policy development both for the state and national governments. In addition, the company offers technical assistance to the local trail builders to ensure their design factor in issues of safety and environmental conservation. Through defending the federal Trail banking statute, the organization supports government efforts in the process by developing the necessary support and watchdog activities. The research carried out by the organization helps in shaping the belief and the nature of the existing trails (Rails-to-Trails Conservancy Organization). Trails are important because they improve the health of the community by encouraging involvement in physical activities.

David Humes Thoughts On Empiricism Essay Example for Free

David Humes Thoughts On Empiricism Essay One of the most notable figures in the history of western philosophy was Scottish philosopher David Hume. Hume was widely known for his views on Empiricism. Empiricism has been pondered since the beginnings of philosophy by many famous figures, from Aristotle to John Locke. (Wikipedia) Empiricism claims that human knowledge is founded on observation and use of the five senses. Hume published a literary work titled Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. This had a profound impact on empiricist philosophy. (Heter) In section 2 of the Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, titled Of the Origin of Ideas, Hume makes distinctions about impressions and ideas. Simply stating how a memory obtained from the central nervous system can never reach the level of raw, vividness that the original impression had made. An example of this concept can be something along the lines of experiencing free fall. We have all experienced free fall at some point in our lives. Simply recalling that moment can never fully allow us to grasp the gut wrenching excitement of pure gravity. An interesting thought brought forward in section 2 is The Copy Principle. Hume states But though our thought seems to possess this unbounded liberty, we shall find, upon a nearer examination, that it is really confined within very narrow limits, and that all this creative power of the mind amounts to no more than the faculty of compounding, transposing, augmenting, or diminishing the materials afforded us by the senses and real life experience†¦(Enquiry, Section II) In laymans terms, imagination of the human mind might be perceived as limitless. However, in  reality, it is really a combination of sensory information and real life experiences. To this end, Hume believes that there are no truly original ideas. Everything we can conceive is a copy or modification of material afforded to us by our surroundings. Examples of this can be found all around us. Such as the design of a plane matching the shape of a bird or Velcro behaving as burdock burrs. (Bloomberg) An interesting point Hume brings to our attention is the Blind Man Argument. Hume claims that a person born blind has no notions of what color is. If you grant that individual the ability to see, you present him with a new channel for ideas. Without this inlet, he would have no idea what color is. Therefore, color must come from the senses. (Enquiry, Section II) One might object to Humes copy principle by stating that original ideas are created quite frequently. A perfect example of this is the telephone. There was no object in the known universe that was able to transmit encoded sound waves through electrical wire over vast distances to a receiver before the telephone. This invention came into existence through pure innovation. The blind man argument presents an error. Just because a blind man cannot make an association between the word red and the color red doesnt mean that they have never seen it before. Perhaps the man has seen the color red countless times in his dreams. However, without having another individual identify the same color and help him form the association between the word and the color, the blind man will never know what red means. Countering my objection to The Copy Principle, all the natural resources we are afforded on earth  can be combined, transformed or restructured to create something else. Basically, everything we have created can be broken down to the raw materials found within our environment. This makes it impossible to create something truly new. The telephone is simply a combination of oil, copper, aluminum, silicone, ect. In defense of The Blind Man Argument, people born without the ability to see, claim they see nothing. They might understand how the color spectrum works but they will never be able to sense what the actual color looks like. For one to know the answer to this debate, he or she have the ability to see and be blind at the same time. Hume certainly brings up some interesting concepts. For this reason, scholars have been studying his ideas for centuries. Empiricism and rationalism are in constant disagreement. Both philosophical notions are extremely hard to disprove. Works Cited Hennighausen, Amelia, and Eric Roston. 14 Smart Inventions Inspired by Nature: Biomimicry: Nature as RD Lab. Bloomberg. com. Bloomberg, 19 Aug. 2013. Web. 20 Sept. 2013. Heter, T. Storm. Empiricism. First Philosophy: A Handbook for Beginning Philosophers. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 15-21. Print. Hume, David. Section II: Of the Origin of Ideas. An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. N. p. : n. p. , 1784. N. pag. Print. Wikipedia contributors. David Hume. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 30 Aug. 2013. Web. 21 Sep. 2013. Wikipedia contributors. Empiricism. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Sep. 2013. Web. 21 Sep. 2013.

Moss Bros

Moss Bros Overview of organisation. â€Å"Moss Bros has been synonymous with quality and value in fine clothing for men for well over a century. The Groups unparalleled reputation in formal menswear and unrivalled commitment to customer service sets it apart in a world that demands only the best. A distinguished heritage is the cornerstone of Moss Bros, a dynamic and forward-looking organisation which spans such internationally renowned names as Canali, Beale Inman and Hugo Boss. In the UK, generations of style-conscious customers will know and trust the brands Moss Bros, Moss and Moss Bros Hire, Savoy Taylors Guild and Cecil Gee.† Taken from http://www.mossbros.co.uk/aboutUs/aboutUs.htm As shown above in this paragraph the five main aims are: * Quality * Value * Fine clothing * Reputation * Customer service The entire above are interlinked with each other as they all touch, for example quality is linked with fine clothing and it is important within a store dealing with clothes, if the customer isnt happy with this item due to â€Å"shoddy† materials then this customer might possibly not return to the store. This also links in with customer services because the situation should be dealt with in a professional manner to upkeep the professional appearance and reputation of the company itself. The company has many branches nationwide as well as around the globe it sells many fine clothing such as Hugo Boss, Versace, DG and more. Question 1 Research gathered will help perform a PESTLE analysis on a Moss Bros PLC. PESTLE analysis is a tool that helps organisations making strategies by helping them understand the external environment both in the present and the future. It uses simple methodology but the weakness of a PESTLE analysis is that it doesnt look at the organisations internal environment, its strengths or its weaknesses, but there are other theories for identifying these such as SWOT analysis. Looking at all the different factors that will affect Moss Bros, I will be using an analysis technique called PESTLE this stands for: * Political – (global, national, regional, local and community trends) * Economic – (world, national and local trends, changes) * Social – (culture, behaviour) * Technological – (computer aids) * Legal – (world, EU or national legislation changes) * Environmental – (global, EU, national, local issues or movements) Below is a diagram of the external environment/factors and in the centre of it all Moss Bros: As the diagram above shows how all the factors link into my business and affect it. Political – political and legal factors are closely link within Moss Bros and are both very similar. From a business perspective political impact can have an effect on costs, competitiveness, profitability, organisation behaviour, decision making, innovation, new product development. Also covered in political are; All the above show how complex the environment is and how many restraints and impacts HR have within Moss Bros. * Economic The economic impact of war and current terrorism may impact Moss Bros in the long term. Countries emerging from war normally suffer economic recessions because of the cost of war. If the war in Iraq is lengthy, then customer spending on items is likely to be cut as a measure of the uncertainty. The pressure to cut costs, given by companies further down the supply chain, may also have an impact, particularly on small- and medium- sized businesses. Other implications from the economic side of PESTLE could be the current world recession, lavish spending is at an all time low as people are watching what they spend and just as an organisation would look at saving money by cutting back so do people. The first thing that gets looked in most budgets is leisurely spending and spending money on the essentials such as food, water or bills not designer labels. HR resolutions could be cost cutting and stream lining to help reduce over heads and reduce the final product price meaning t he customer will get the same for less deeming it a better buy. * Social – People are becoming more body conscious in a sense vain; with this people are becoming more metro-sexual and more open to fashions and different styles. More people are turning to bigger names such as Hugo Boss, Versace or Gucci. This will improve sales and profitability for Moss Bros as a result but cheaper versions from other stores such as Topman or Primark take a massive chunk of the primary target market. But with this Moss should be aiming for a smaller higher paid market in order that the brands they sell are seen as classy and desirable. This in turn will bring some of the lower spending market to them as instead of spending  £100 and 2 or 3 things from Primark they may save up and buy only one thing from the store. * Technological – As time goes on efficiently is becoming a key factor in production, technology helps to cut down on wages and time consumption of the making up of the product, making it cheaper to make and keeping the prices the same, this making the customers satisfaction high and the company itself going and making more money with bigger profit margins, as improvement of technology means reduction on workers which in turn from an HR perspective means voluntary or force redundancies will be imposed. * Legal – Opening of a new store or maintaining it has many laws, rules and regulations, a few of them are Sale of Goods Act 1979 which states that â€Å"The Sale of Goods Act is the main piece of law helping buyers to obtain redress when their purchases go wrong.† Department of Trade and Industry [online] Business Guidance leaflet (www.businesslink.gov.uk) accessed on 18/12/09. The other laws such as Trade Descriptions Act 1968 or Sunday Trading Act 1994 these all are factors that Moss Bros have to take into consideration. Employment legislation links in with my organisation as the employment legalisation acts and policies dictates on what a business can and cant pay it staff (minimum wage) as well as what statutory rights they have or what holidays they are entitled to, this all has a knock on affect as these factors will cut into profit margins and budget of the organisation. Other impacts and legislations HR has to take into consideration are; * Environmental/ecological Globalisation is widening the marketplace so that competition not only comes from companies down the road but also on the other side of the world due to the invention of the internet. In order to compete in the market the company has to be the best at what it does, Moss Bros has to stand head over the rest to get noticed and to create the best customer loyalty from local, national and international customers based either in the stores or over the web. This factor interlinks in with all of the PESTLE factors as the market is growing so is the need for new staff, from an HR perspective this means recruitment and selection processes will need to be looked at in order to ensure that the best possible candidates are being chosen. Also this will have an impact on the national unemployment rate as it will help reduce it in the long term providing economic upturn also as less unemployment means more people are in jobs thus creating more money to spend on luxury it ems which Moss Bros provide. Other environmental factors that would directly have an impact on the organisation and HR would be carbon footprint and the companys efforts to join the rest of the world in reducing their own carbon footprint. This in itself would create more work for HR would boost company PR image. With Moss Bros having stores both nationally and internationally they have a lot of factors to take into consideration, three main factors that would affect Moss Bros directly are: * Recession in world markets – this would bring profits, productivity and sales down, as unemployment would be high and sales would be low this would be bad news for the company and its contractors/ sub contractors. * Increase in oil prices – if this were to happen again then eventually it would cut into the companys profit as more money would be spent on the production of the garments and items then there would be less profit. * Changes in consumer spending – if the public decided that they had better things to spend their money on, for example cars, house or living then again this change would cut into the businesses profit and overall total income as there would be most likely a slump in the retail industry, this was seen last year as there was the first slump in clothing retail/retail for 20 years. Question 3 A stakeholder can be any person or organization; they can be positively or negatively influenced by the organisation or they can cause an influence on the actions of a company. Types of stakeholders are: * Primary stakeholders these are people who are those directly affected by the companies actions whether it be positively or negatively. * Secondary stakeholders are the â€Å"middle men† who are indirectly affected by an organizations actions. * Key stakeholders can also fall into the first two groups have a great influence within an organization. Further analysing stakeholders, identifying and categorising stakeholders on Moss Bros. Internal stakeholders are people who own the company, employed by the company or an own part in it like shareholders, employees or managers. All these people above work for the company (apart from silent share holders or investors who can be both internal and external stakeholders) and therefore directly get involved in the day to day operation of the company, these people will help make or break the company. There responsibility towards the company is to maintain and keep up good working standards for the company. Shareholders have a say in what the company has to do but if they dont have a large percentage of shares within the company then there words wont be heard as loudly as for example as someone who has 51% of the company shares. But with anything there is safety and loudness in numbers for example, Moss in store advisors are employed as customer service assistants but are on commission for every  £1000 of items of clothes sold. If Moss looked over this and identified that with the current climate recession this pay scheme needed to be cut back in order to cut over heads this may because a strike by the staff affected (managers/ supervisors/ advisers) with this HR would have to negotiate more up to date cheaper incentives for staff to keep motivated and passionate about selling up on brands. Human resource stream lining which is constantly monitored by the human resource department could be looked into by looking at the overall set up of the company structure this would have a positive and a negative effect of its internal and external stakeholders as redundancies and layoffs would occur but in turn the company would see the benefits in reducing its over heads and monthly salary pay out. This making the company a more efficient and cost effective company. Creating investment desirability from new investors on the stock market, possible mergers from other big high street names such as â€Å"house of Fraser†. External stakeholders are customers, competitors, suppliers, central and local government agencies, banks, trade associations. These stakeholders dont have many if any direct towards the company itself but they do affect it. For example the government is thinking about bringing out a new legislation that states that retail outlets cant stay open any later than 10 hours per day, this would directly affect Moss Bros because most of their stores are open 9am till 9pm this means they would have to redo there opening and closing times causing administration to work perhaps overtime along with other areas of the office, but some stores will result in disruption and this may have an effect on customers as if they are not informed of this change they might come to the conclusion that there store has closed and mightnt return causing a loss in profits. The trading times will have to be well thought out either by the managers of the stores affected or the department that deals with time tables and rotas which is usually personnel. Government bodies and banks have power to influence Moss Bros as well as any other organisation with the interest rates, VAT or inflation rates that they impose. Positive implications for Moss Bros could get grants from the government for bringing jobs to a high level of unemployment area. Instead of outsourcing there manufacturing to foreign labour they could promote that they manufacture there goods in the UK, this would be good promotion for the organisation and the cost of bring the work over here (minimum wages and standards) could be offset by these grants by the government. Stakeholder Mapping is a strategic business tool which identifies and assesses the effect of a different individuals or group of stakeholders in an organisation. It looks at the possible power in which a stakeholder can have; it also shows the possibility of them using their power to change to company organisation and their level of interest in the organisations activities. Stakeholders within the company are put into categories based on their rating and put into the following groups; â€Å"Low interest/low power (A) The company may require little or no effort to be focused on this group. The stakeholders pose no threat due to a lack of both interest and power. High interest/low power (B) This group has a high interest but has little power to exercise control so they can be maintained through the management of information to keep them informed of company events. Low interest/high power (C) – may not realise there overall power they have over the company but should satisfied. But because of their low interest in activities they are unlikely to exert or cause significant disruption. High interest/high power (D) – A company must try to satisfy this group first as they have the power to affect the company and have a high likelihood that they will use their power.† G. Johnson K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy, Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2002. This diagram has been recreated by the author. The benefits of an organisation using this tool is that when a project is getting planned then this tool will help identify which group are most likely to be affected by the organisations decisions. Also it helps identify ways to improve communication with stakeholders via their interest in the company. In Moss Bross case a stake holders who is interested in the company but has very little power may just need an email or leaflet to be kept up to date, but a stakeholder who is a â€Å"key player† may and more than likely will want a great involvement with company decisions no matter how small. Question 9 Demographics are the trends within a country, cotenant or on a global scale it describes the changes in a population over a certain time. For example, the average age of a population may increase over time. Certain restrictions may be set in place changing those numbers. For example, China with the one child policy. Demographics are generalisations about groups of people. Information gathered is not about specific to individuals. The weaknesses of demographic profiling are that such a broad approach can only offer a limited view of the information gathered and that the use of these are debatable. Also most demographic information is culturally biased. But still demographics can be useful for statistics, when a government wants to know about its nations political and economic state. â€Å"The first is an enumeration of the number of inhabitants distinguished by age, sex, and occupation. The second involves a continuous record of population trends from the registration of births, marriages, and burials. The third is documentation of the extent of internal and external migration† From Wikipedia Demography of the United Kingdom [Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom [Accessed 14th December 2009]. Demographics are gathered by government by Censuss sent out to all UK households; they ask a range of structured questions to gather the nations current population make up. An example can be seen in appendix 1. Following some in depth research into demographics in the UK, the positive effects on a telecommunications company such as â€Å"T-Mobile† or â€Å"Orange†, an increase in population will mean that a wider selection of candidates and applicants (with the correct advertisement for the role in the appropriate places ) will be sourced from the local and national population. For example if human resources selecting a wider group of applicants they will give recruitment officers a choice of being â€Å"picky† in the recruitment process in order to get the best from the selection gathered. Meaning it will attract a higher performing work force because more people and the same jobs means that the ratio people to jobs are higher (3:1 = 3 people for every job) this means higher levels of applicants will apply for the role will have a higher skills set. Also this applies for languages; ethnicity and religion groups within the UK if they apply for the role within the organi sation the company will gather a wider scope of workers and a broader set of skills. Full research and data from demographics can be found in appendix 2. The population of the United Kingdom in the 2001 census was 58,789,194. This has since risen to 60,587,300 according to mid-2006 estimates by the Office for National Statistics.† Part Population (mid-2006) % (mid-2006) England 50,762,900 83.8 Scotland 5,116,900 8.4 Wales 2,965,900 4.9 Northern Ireland 1,741,600 2.9 United Kingdom 60,587,300 100 â€Å" (1 July 2006 population estimates by UK National Statistics) This would be useful in most departments in the organisation especially in sales as some customers can identify and relate to certain selling techniques and salesmen which can originate from different cultures. For example most of the United Kingdoms culture can be seen as typical â€Å"British Empiricism, a branch of the philosophy of knowledge that states that only knowledge verified by experience is valid, Britain is also notable for a theory of moral philosophy, Utilitarianism† From Wikipedia Demography of the United Kingdom [Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom [Accessed 14th December 2009]. This meaning â€Å"Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy, generally operating on the principle that the utility (happiness or satisfaction) of different people can not only be measured but also meaningfully summed over people and that utility comparisons between people are meaningful. That makes it possible to achieve a well-defined societal optimum in allocations, production, and other decisions, and achieve the goal utilitarian British philosopher Jeremy Bentham described as the greatest good for the greatest number. From Utilitarianism from Econterms [Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: en http://economics.about.com/od/economicsglossary/g/utilitarian.htm [Accessed 14th December 2009]. From this, selling to the general customer should be sold products by experienced staff who know and have a excellent knowledge on the product there selling on, both being able to identifying the customer needs and the business needs. Negative effects on telecommunications organisations from an HR perspective is with attracting a higher level work force can affect turnover of staff, as company retention may be low because the applicants may think that they are too good for the job and may be using it as a â€Å"stepping stone† or â€Å"experience gathering job† for a higher earning more prosperous job. Also costs to the organisation could be high as to pay back the initial investment of training is normally at least 6 to 12 month of employment. Generally people in the UK prefer (if there account is based in the UK) to be dealt with by a UK call agent. This again can be costly to a company if this is a consumer must, as offshore outsourcing is cheaper than that in the UK as minimum wage is less and labour is cheaper for building costs and over heads. Human resource implications from this could be a loss of custom due to the language barrier from offshore centres and the general moral stance by that particular customer. The remedies for this could be to only give the offshore teams particular roles, for example email replies, administration roles or computer based account management and have the UK call centres deal primarily for answering general, technical and sale calls. An ageing UK population combined with the trend for employees to undergo multiple career changes throughout their working life is likely to have some effect on the company as more people will have more money to spend as average pay goes up due to inflation and general pay increases as does the quality of life meaning more leisure money to spend. Also within these questions are asked usually questions about employment status or pay grade this is to gather a social grade definition for the nation. A positive implication towards HR within a telecommunication organisation could be the same as recruitment mentioned earlier where a high level of management or skills will be generated which can be seen as an â€Å"upper class† of workers. Towards the sales environment if the general population has a high pay grade then social and leisure spending will be high if the economy is in a fit state and not in a recession or slump. People will still look for a bargain but wont (as a general rule of thumb) be watching always what they spend going over there allowance and money wont be as tight as it would be in a recession and may not call customer services querying there bill for the money that they have spent back which would increase calls for the call centres and possibly the stores. But with this high level or skills set it means that some out sourcing may need to be outsourced as primarily telecommunication is in the tertiary sector which is services but needs the manufacturing sector (secondary sector) to install, build and maintain the masts and buildings of operation. If a recession hits the economy as it has done now the company would feel the effects of this. The company and the customer may very well be in a 30 day, 12, 18 or 24 month contract but it doesnt always mean they will pay their bills on time or even at all. This means that the companies finance and collection department will have a higher work load to take on and cash flow would slow down and cut backs in some areas would have to be thought throw by HR this causing conflict and worry for staff throughout the organisation. Recession in world markets – this would bring profits, productivity and sales down, as unemployment would be high and sales would be low this would be bad news for the company and its contractors/ sub contractors. Increase in oil prices – if this were to happen again then eventually it would cut into the companys profit as more money would be spent on the production of the garments and items then there would be less profit. Methodology section The assignment lay out comes in three parts for a portfolio presentation. Part 1 Evidence that relays knowledge and understanding of the main themes and issues covered by the module and answer questions to 3 out of 9 questions/exercises. Part 2 3 – methodology and learning reflection. Within this assignment I the author have gathered some strong data supporting the critical analysis written. Use of academic theories examples were made from both real life situations and case studies were used to support the debate. The analysis consists of research from text books, research from web based forums/ pages and past experience that I have had working in different organisations. Furthermore, trying to look at possible scenarios and points of view of all areas of the debate (question) was applied to the assignment in order for the reader to grasp a better understanding of the authors intentions of explanation. Primary and secondary data was collected from journals and texts book and for more up to date information the researcher used the internet. For this particular assignment this was the best approach of research following past experience. Lack of some key s and data hinder efforts to further critically analysis some areas in questions 1 and 3. The research design was more qualitative than quantitative as the aim is a complete and a detailed description rather than to classify features, count them or explain what is observed. Learning reflection section This module has been very interesting it has led the researcher to learn several things and grounded a deeper knowledge of the above areas. I feel that knowledge is vital, but it is useless without the practical side, in order to learning anything you have to notice on some level (whether it is conscious or unconscious). The work has to be decoded and made into the readers own understanding. Upon this I have found that a grasp of different side of the spectrum has been gained as this is present in the writing provided. An example of this is that from the research into stake holder analysis I didnt understand which communication routes stake holders were informed of company progress. It was rather interesting also to see how different stake holders were informed of different methods and information. From a human resources perspective knowledge gained were not only theoretical but also applicable to the general businesses and potential future employment. Other skills sets that were upd ated and learned through this assignment was the lay out and correct presentation of work in a portfolio method, I have done these before but not to this standard. Also the depth and obstacles that hinder an organisation both in the day to day operation and future planning and even to the degree of changing something within the company, reading into and understand conflict management was a great tool and theory gained and overall I think I have gained a high level of learning via this portfolio. Furthermore I already had covered some of the topic areas in previous years but I found that further reading and continuous learning will give me a better insight into the understanding of an organization and explore new avenues. I did feel however that the module wasnt directly linked to human resources but some of the context and implications could be used in future references, assignments and possibly future careers. Appendix 1 Question 9 Demographic Questions (Government Census) Are you†¦ PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX †¦male  £ †¦female  £ What is your age? PLEASE WRITE IN Do you have any long-term illness, health problem or disability which limits your daily activities or work you can do? (include problems which are due to old age) PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX Yes  £ No  £ What is your ethnic group? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX White Asian or Asian British British  £ Indian  £ Irish  £ Pakistani  £ Other white background  £ Bangladeshi  £ Mixed Other Asian background  £ White Black Caribbean  £ Black or Black British White Black African  £ Caribbean  £ White Asian  £ African  £ Other Mixed background  £ Other Black background  £ Chinese  £ Any other group  £ What is your full postcode?  £  £  £  £  £  £  £ Does your household own or rent the accommodation in which you live? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX Owns outright  £ Rents from a housing association  £ Owns with a mortgage or loan  £ Rents from a private landlord  £ Pays part rent and part mortgage (shared ownership)  £ Accommodation is a residential home or student halls  £ Rents from the Council  £ Other  £ What is your current employment status? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX Self-employed  £ Employed full time (30 hours or more a week)  £ Employed part time (less than 30 hours a week)  £ Unemployed but have worked previously  £ Unemployed and have never had a paid job  £ Unable to work due to illness or disability  £ Retired  £ Student  £ Looking after home/family (this is your main activity and none of the other options apply to you)  £ What is your religion? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX None  £ Jewish  £ Christian (including Church of England, Catholic, Protestant and all other Christian denominations)  £ Muslim  £ Buddhist  £ Sikh  £ Hindu  £ Any other religion  £ From Demographic Questions[Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: www.oldham.gov.uk/community_cohesion_demographic_questions.rtf [Accessed 14th December 2009]. Appendix 2 Question 9 Ethnicity 2001 ethnicity of the English population 2007 ethnicity of the English population The change in Englands ethnic minority population (2001 2007) The 2001 census and 2007 estimates state the following ethnic groups: Ethnic group 2001 population 2001 percentage 2007 population 2007 percentage White: British 42,747,136

Criminology Essays Death Penalty Capital

Criminology Essays Death Penalty Capital Death Penalty Capital In today’s society many believe that the death penalty is a proper way to punish individuals sentence of capital crimes. Since the beginning of time this has been a controversial subject because each individual feels and believes a certain way towards this process. Many have lost loved ones who suffered and feel the death penalty is the righteous punishment, best form of revenge, or even type of closure. However, theirs those who argue that this is a process that is time consuming, expensive, ineffective, and morally wrong. Also the fact that the death penalty can lead to the deaths of innocent people is the number one cause of mistrust of the legal system (Ruddell, 2000). Capital punishment is important and vital to our society because it’s something that affects and shapes our legal system. Our legal system is what keeps our society and way of life in control and organized. As this system is mistrusted or flawed our society with each case is affected in their confiden ce, morals, and reliance towards our legal system. The inconsistencies that have emerged are what make this a subject widely discussed and so controversial. Capital punishment is an unnecessary punishment that is faulty and ineffective and must be changed. In the study â€Å"Political Culture and The Death Penalty† Fisher conducts research in effort to understand why the death penalty varies among the fifty states. He investigates if political culture is a determinate of states adopting capital punishment. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between political culture and the death penalty (Fisher, 2006). Also that political culture does affect the existence of the death penalty in each state and the frequency of sentences. He goes on to explain that not all states adopt the death penalty in efforts to deter crime but rather to maintain social order within society (Fisher, 2006). The minority threat hypothesis is introduced in the study â€Å" Social disruption, state priorities, and minority threat†. This hypothesis purposes that, as there is a change in size the minority group competes for economic and political power, which becomes a threat (Ruddell, 2000). In response to this threat politically powerful groups support the control of minorities to maintain their own position (Ruddell, 2000). This hypothesis expresses that this is why many of those who are incarcerated and subjected to sever punishments are minorities. This hypothesis attempts to explain why our political leaders today support the death penalty and are against abolishing it through out our legal system. That this is a way of control rather then a way of deterring crime. The death penalty is labeled flawed because of different reasons, but in a study conducted by Stauffer titled â€Å"The interaction between victim, race, and gender on sentencing outcomes in capital murder trial† its many vital reasons that come into affect. In this study the researcher examines numerous cases within the North Carolina prison system and the overall distribution of sentences. The results show that in cases where the victim is female the death sentence is 57.5% verse 42.5% male victim cases (Stauffer, 2006, p. 64). In all the cases and combination of cases it’s shown that there is a difference in sentencing when it comes to race, gender, and status. This confirms the existence of discrimination within death penalty sentences, that just one circumstance could change the outcome. Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers During the end of 1999 the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that 3,527 inmates where under death sentences which equals to a 2% increase in just a year (Rein, 2002, p. 102). In the 3,527 inmates 528 were executed, 205 died while waiting to be executed, and 2,193 had their sentences overturned (Rein, 2002, p. 120). In the United States from 1973 to 2000 137 women were executed which is a considerable gap verses 99% (3,663) of males inmates who were under death sentences (Rein, 2002, p. 78). When exploring race 46% of all death row inmates were white, and 43% were black (Bedau, 1997, p. 37). In 2005 the murder rate in death penalty states was 5.87 verses the non-death penalty states 4.03, which is a forty six percent difference (Williams, 2002, p. 169). This proves that adopting the death penalty does not deter or decrease crime in any give area (Henningfeld, 2006, p. 2). In these brief statistics it’s clear the system is not only not deterring crime, but the opposite is ha ppening each year as crime and incidents are rising. Another studied conducted by Thorsten Sellin in 1959 supports that the death penalty is not effective to American society (Winters, 1997, p. 100). Sellin conducted an extensive study of capital punishment within the United States. He measured social structure, history, and economy of each state. As he compared each time he found the death penalty had no affect on the homicide rate of that particular state (Winters, 1997, p. 101). Sellins work has been replicated numerous times and with each replication his findings were confirmed (Winters, 1997, p. 101). The death penalty is the ultimate act that is irreversible and a denial of human rights and liberties. This practice has not been applied fairly in the past and even now in the present. The death penalty should be eliminated and laws that support it should be changed. The death penalty is a premature way to accomplish justice and should be a process that is changed to better our society. Our system does not promote rehabilitation and when rehabilitation is accomplished still they are executed. Stanley Tookie Williams was executed by lethal injection in December of 2005 even after he had changed his behavior and applied positive goals towards life and helping the youth. The best way to accomplish justice is to change the laws of capital punishment. This will ensure innocent individuals from being executed, preserve the costs, and help society find true justice by sentencing capital offenders to serve a life sentence. The Women’s Bar Association of New York argues for the change and abolishment of capital punishment. They express that the laws should be changed because an error-free death penalty could never exist, that the death penalty discriminates, that the death penalty does not deter crime, and that the public does not support the death penalty (Williams, 2002, p. 170). The death penalty will always generate opposing views and controversy because it’s a process within our society that each individual feels differently towards. Each year innocent individuals are executed and justice is not reached with these inconsistencies and ineffective ways. Our justice system needs to apply major change to our laws dealing with the death penalty because this process is only working against our efforts to deter crime. This process has not help society solve the crime rate and it’s only sending the wrong message into the community. The research shows that comprehensive investigation proves that this process is unsuccessful, which also confirms that the death penalty is form of revenge, control, and closure to those that feel it’s vital to our system and humanity. References Bedau, H. (1997). The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies. New York: Oxford University Press. Fisher, P. (2006). Political Culture and The Death Penalty. Criminal Justice Policy, 17 (1), 48-60. Henningfeld, D. (2006). The Death Penalty: opposing view points. New York: Greenhaven Press. Rein, M.(2002). Capital Punishment: Curel And Unusual?. New York: Routledge. Ruddell, R (2000). Social disruption, state priorities, and minority threat. Punishment and Society, 7(1), 7-28. Stauffer, A. (2006). The interaction between victim, race, and gender on sentencing outcomes in capital murder trial, 10 (2), 98-177. Williams, M. (2002). The Death Penalty: opposing view points. New York: Greenhaven Press. Winters, P. (1997) The Death Penalty: opposing view points. New York: Greenhaven Press.

Analysis of A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay -- A Rose for E

Analysis of A Rose For Emily â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, by William Faulkner, begins and ends with the death of Miss Emily Grierson, the main character of the story. In the story William Faulkner uses characterization to reveal the character of Miss Emily. Faulkner divided the story â€Å"into five sections, the first and last section having to do with the present, and the now of the narration, with the three middle sections detailing the past† (Davis 35). Faulkner expresses the content of Miss Emily’s character through physical description, through her actions, words, and feelings, through the narrator’s direct comments about her, and through the actions, words, and feelings of other characters. Faulkner best uses characterization to examine the theme of the story, we are the products of our environment. Miss Emily lives for many years as a recluse, as a result of her surroundings. In the story the narrator comments that â€Å"no one save an old man-servant–a combined gardener and cook–had seen [the house] in at least ten years† (Faulkner 217). Miss Emily’s father is partly to blame for her life as a recluse. Faulkner’s narrator says that, â€Å"We remembered all the young men her father had driven away† (221). Critic Donald Akers notes that: In the story, Emily’s overprotective, overbearing father denies her a normal relationship with the opposite sex by chasing away any potential mates. Because her father is the only man with whom she has had a close relationship, she denies his death and keeps his corpse in her house until she breaks down three days later when the doctors insist she let them take the body. (2) Her father robs her from many of life’s necessities. She misses out on having friends, being a normal woman, and her... ...iversity, Prairie View, TX 8 Nov. 2000 . Akers, Donald. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Short Stories for Students. New York: Gale, 1999. 4pp Literature Resource Center. Harris County Public Library, Houston, TX 21 Nov. 2000 . Birk, John F. â€Å"Tryst beyond Time: Faulkner’s ‘Emily’ and Keats.† Studies in Short Fiction 28.2 (1991): 103-13. Burduck, Michael L. â€Å"Another View of Faulkner’s Narrator in ‘A Rose for Emily’.† The University of Mississippi Studies in English 9 (1990): 209-211. Crosman, Robert. â€Å"How Readers Make Meaning.† College Literature 9.3 (1982): 207-215. Davis, William V. â€Å"Another Flower for Faulkner’s Bouquet: Theme and Structure in ‘A Rose for Emily’.† Notes on Mississippi Writer 7.2 (1974): 34-38. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† The Best Short Stories of the Modern Age. Ed Douglas Angus. New York: Fawcett World Library, 1968. 217-226.

Exploring Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Essay -- Medicine

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents (Yeates, 2005). The Center for Disease and Control (2010) reported an estimated 1.7 million individuals sustaining TBI annually with 51% of these injuries occurring during periods of cerebral development. Children (0-4 years), older adolescents (15-19 years) and older adults (65+ years) are most likely to sustain TBI (CDC, 2010). Brain injuries often lead to severe, pervasive, and potentially irreversible impairments in one’s neurological, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning (e.g., Wilde et al, 2012; Yeates, 2005). This analysis will examine the etiology, prevalence, and impact of traumatic brain injury in the developing brain of children. Classifications & Diagnosis of TBI Brain injuries can be classified into three different categories: mild, moderate, and severe TBI. Classification is mostly done using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) which has gained broad acceptance for the assessment of the severity of brain damage (Bauer & Fritz, 2004). This scale is based on a 15 point scale which measures individual’s level of consciousness based on verbal, motor, and eye responses to stimuli, as well as the overall social dependence on others. One study scrutinized the elements of the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) from 27,625 TBI cases in Taiwan. A correlation was found between the survival rate and certain eye (E), motor (M) and verbal (V) score combinations for GCS (scores of 6, 11, 12, ) that were discerned to be statistically significant. This illustrates that the fundamental elements comprising the Glasgow coma scale (E, M, & V) are predictive of the survival of TBI patients. The researchers assert that this observation is cli... ...sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138309005609) Wilde, Merkley, Bigler, Max, Schmidt, Ayoub, McCauley, Hunter, Hanten, Li, Chu, Levin, Longitudinal changes in cortical thickness in children after traumatic brain injury and their relation to behavioral regulation and emotional control, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, Volume 30, Issue 3, May 2012, Pages 267-276, ISSN 0736-5748, 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.01.003. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736574812000044) Yeates, Armstrong, Janusz, Taylor, Wade, Stancin, Drotar, Long-Term Attention Problems in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Volume 44, Issue 6, June 2005, Pages 574-584, ISSN 0890-8567, 10.1097/01.chi.0000159947.50523.64. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856709616336)

Is it time now for a new social contract?

There are many suggestions for reform in government’s relationship to the economy. As I had hinted in my earlier discourse, many of my recommendations deal with eliminating government’s intervention in economic activity. Thus, there needs to be a creation of a free market economy, independent of government influence as a means to stimulate economic enterprise toward more productivity and to restore the economy to a strong position. However, given the long history of government involvement, it is highly unlikely that such action is possible.I guess it is time for a new social contract. It seems that the policies and practices in the employment of relationships in America are no longer responsive to the needs of today’s working families and society. There had been more emphasis on increased profits and productivity while the wages have remained the same, or worst, declined and stagnated for families. The irony is that people are working harder, but they do not belo ng among those who share in the gains from their efforts.Only a small percentage of the population is privileged to have that benefit, adding to the increasing inequality. The families are affected by these changes and one wonders what he can do in the face of these economic changes. The implicit social contract that encompasses work such as loyalty and hard work are not necessarily rewarded with fair and increasing wages. This has been blotted out by a norm where employers give center stage to stock price and even short-term gains, which are often at the expense of the workers who work hard daily.What we call the American Dream is usually the promise of riches and prosperity and a life that is well-lived.   This has been the ideal ever since that ensures one success in life so long as he is willing to sacrifice everything to work for it. It has been such an illusion for many. Thus the American dream has become a driving and motivating force for millions of people who flock to the â€Å"Land of the Free† because they want to escape the poverty in their countries.They think that their only option viable to them is to move to a country that promises them success, wealth, freedom from material prosperity.  Ã‚   However, even though this is oftentimes true for the people who really do work hard for the dream, the American Dream must not be promoted as it is. The reason here is because it shifts the focus from the true values that count in the family to the material wealth and greed that entices people to come work in a land of opportunities which may otherwise not turn out to be so (The American Dream).I remember Walt Whitman’s poem I Hear America Singing where there is the sense of each one seeking his own personal niche in the land of promises as seen in the following lines:â€Å"Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, The day what belongs to the day–at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with o pen mouths their strong melodious songs.†(I Hear America Singing).It almost captures that desire as one reads the entire work and is very descriptivethat the future belongs to the young and those who are open to opportunities. For the people who leave their country of origin, there is a substantial tradeoff for embracing the American Dream. Behind the veil of power and comparative material wealth that is promised to every individual, there is a significant loss that one must encounter. And that loss is the loss of traditional culture. In the essay by MSNBC columnist Eric Liu, he states that during one of his dinner meals at a friend’s house: â€Å"The more time I spent in their midst, the more I learned to be like them.To make their everyday idioms and idiosyncrasies familiar. To possess them.† This particular longing to assimilate all of the â€Å"everyday idioms and idiosyncrasies† of the American culture was brought about not by curiosity or a certain z eal for knowledge. This particular longing was fueled by negative emotions. This passion for learning the ropes of American culture was born out of the longing of the desire to fit in.The American Dream may be able to provide a person the necessary wealth that one could only dream about in his native country but it also takes away the immaterial liberties that come from being rooted in a different culture. This is what is seen in Tony Went to the Bodega But He Didn’t Buy Anything. Because the person sat at the doorway and saw people come and go, his being in that position depicted a life of leisure which one thinks could be achieved if he pursues the American Dream.One does not know that there is an illusion to this since one may never attain this goal by just going to a place and hoping that one’s station in life is guaranteed to be easy. The American Dream will always be a Utopian dream until people realize that material wealth is not the only path for success and ha ppiness. This is seen in the lines,Tony went to the bodega, But he didn’t buy anything: He sat by the doorway satisfied To watch la gente (people Island-brown as him). Crowd in and out, (Tony Went to the Bodega But He Didn’t Buy Anything).The American Dream promises people from all walks of life and all countries of origin that within this land, there is freedom from oppression, freedom from poverty and material wealth but for other people, it will only remain a dream for them. As Langston Hughes remarks, â€Å"I am the people, humble, hungry, mean–Hungry yet today despite the dream.†Ã‚   There have been casualties during this fight for the American Dream. Several people have risked leaving their homelands in search of a bright future in the United States yet there are millions today on relief and people are still being persecuted and discriminated.The land of the free is still a land of oppression and even though people would like to view it as a land of opportunity, it becomes more like a land of   deception and false hopes. Hughes ends his poem with both a revelation of what America has come to be as well an exhortation to the people to make America what is should have been. He says: â€Å"The mountains and the endless plain–All, all the stretch of these great green states–And make America again! (Hughes, 1938).Being optimistic about the dynamic forces of globalization and the practical applications of corporate social responsibilities sweeping multinational and large national organizations, I still believe that there is a balanced solution in multinational’s outsourcing of resources and less developed countries’ mutual advantage from this economic relationship. It is the primary duty of the national governments to uphold their sovereignty and protect their natural resources, especially their human resource or labor from being corrupted by foreign companies.They must uphold their constitution and by laws and promote more economic and bilateral policies to protect their people and resources at the same time harness their economic potential for the nation’s own advantage, growth and development.   They must dictate the terms for which their resources will be used, taking into consideration the growth and comparative advantage of their people and the extinction of their natural resources and habitat. The notion about hiring local managers and staff is preliminary. Of paramount importance is the question of how and in what terms they will allow the multinationals to exhaust their most important resources and capital.In effect, the dream that once tugged at people’s hearts never really existed in the first place. The dream that made people leave their homelands only remain a dream because there are people who still have not â€Å"made it† in America. There is something amiss in the ruckus that is about the American Dream. On one side, the American Dream remai ns a dream where the corruption and the apathy of people continues to prevent it from coming true while on the other side, the American Dream comes with too high a price. It asks for the individual’s culture, it torments the person and convinces him into thinking that if you do not assimilate the American culture, you will never make it.Given the importance of our work in our daily lives, our policies and institutions need to provide decent benefits and the opportunity to use one’s abilities to the maximum. Consistent with our nation’s democratic principles, all Americans must possess a freedom to voice out their opinions and be treated fairly. This just means that we value a balance between the interests of the employers and shareholders and the interests of the family.ReferencesThe American Dream. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_DreamI Hear America Singing by Walt Whitman.About.com Literature Classic.Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 at: http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/wwhitman/bl-ww-ihear.htmHughes, Langston. 1938. â€Å"Let America Be America Again.† Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 at:  http://www.poetryconnection.net/poets/Langston_Hughes/2385Tony Went to the Bodega But He Didn’t Buy   Anything.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 at:http://www.gcsk12.net/speech_meet/speech_docs/Junior%20High%2005-06/dramatic%20poety/dramatic_poetry_43.pdf